STOPPING THE "SNEAK THIEF"

    Researchers nationwide estimate that approximately 2 million people suffer the ravages of glaucoma, called the "sneak thief" of sight, but only about half know they have it. This eye disease has virtually no easily detectable symptoms. The traditional view is that glaucoma is always caused by increasing pressure within the eye that gradually kills the optic nerve, leading to blindness. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness nationally.

    To help those not benefiting from traditional glaucoma treatments, the Glaucoma Diagnostic Laboratory at UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS) is helping to lead the first international clinical trial of the drug memantine to protect the eye's optic nerve and the microscopic fibers called ganglion cells that transmit its images to the brain. Animal studies have shown that memantine counteracts the negative effects of an excessive amino acid produced in the eye, which can lead to the death of ganglion cells.

    According to Robert D. Fechtner, MD, associate professor, Department of Ophthalmology and NJMS glaucoma division director, protecting the optic nerve from the progressive deterioration of glaucoma is critical, since many glaucoma sufferers are not helped enough by standard treatments.

    "For 100 years, the only treatment for glaucoma was to lower the intraocular pressure through drugs or surgery. We need to get beyond this single-minded approach to treatment," Fechtner said. "This is the first and only drug trial specifically testing a therapy for protecting the optic nerve."

    The five-year study is sponsored by Allergan, Inc., of Irvine, CA. NJMS is the only New Jersey medical institution participating in the clinical drug trial, ongoing nationwide and in Israel, Europe and Australia. Approximately 1,000 patients will be enrolled in the trials.

    Fechtner said often glaucoma is not diagnosed until 50 percent of the optic nerve is lost. Knowing the risk factors for glaucoma is important. (See box.) For those with a family history, particularly African Americans, Fechtner recommends a comprehensive exam yearly after age 35. For others, an eye exam every two years is recommended.

    "This drug trial may help preserve vision in those glaucoma patients not responding to conventional approaches," Fechtner added.

    For information on participating in the trial, call 973-972-2030.