• Critically-Appraised Topics (Pediatrics)
  (University of Michigan, Department of Pediatrics)
  Pediatric CATs arranged in a subject order.
  
• The CATBank
  (Oxford – Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  Includes a downloadable CAT maker.

• CenterWatch Clinical Trials Listing Service
  (The Thompson Corporation)
  This site can be used to find a wealth of information about clinical research, including listings of more than 41,000 active industry and government-sponsored clinical trials, as well as new drug therapies in research and those recently approved by the FDA. It is designed to be a resource for patients interested in participating in clinical trials and for research professionals.
• ClinicalStudyResults.org
  This site is a central, widely accessible, web-based repository for clinical study results in a reader-friendly, standardized format. This database will serve the function of making clinical trial results for U.S.-marketed pharmaceuticals more transparent. More importantly, it is designed as a key tool to provide information to practicing physicians and their patients.
• Clinical Trials
  (National Cancer Institute)
  NCI presents a searchable database of cancer clinical trials.
• Clinical Trials/Evidence-Based Medicine
  (Texas Medical Association)
  A guide to Web-based clinical trials information.
• ClinicalTrials.gov
  The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through its National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide patients, family members and members of the public current information about clinical research studies.
• Cochrane Controlled Trials Register
  Bibliographic database of definitive controlled healthcare trials identified by the Cochrane Collaboration. CCTR contains over 300,000 bibliographic references.
• Links to Clinical Trials
  (Current Clinical Trials)
  Contains an alphabetic list of clinical trials, by trial registers and by subject categories.
  
• TrialsCentral
  TrialsCentralT was launched in 2001. Its mission is to improve access to current and comprehensive clinical trials information to support informed health care decision-making.

• BestBETS
  (Emergency Department, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK)
  BETS were developed to provide rapid evidence-based answers to real-life clinical questions, using a systematic approach to reviewing the literature. They take into account the shortcomings of much current evidence. Although BETs initially had an emergency medicine focus, there are a significant number of BETs covering cardiothoracics, nursing, primary care and paediatrics.
• ClinicalTrials.gov
  The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through its National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide patients, family members and members of the public current information about clinical research studies.
• CMA Infobase
  (Canadian Medical Association)
  Clinical practice guidelines produced by expert panels.
• Cochrane Controlled Trials Register
  Bibliographic database of definitive controlled healthcare trials identified by the Cochrane Collaboration. CCTR contains over 300,000 bibliographic references.
• Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
  Includes full text of the systematic reviews of the effects of healthcare prepared by the Cochrane Collaboration.
• Cochrane Library
  The Cochrane Library includes reliable evidence from Cochrane and other systematic reviews, clinical trials, methods studies, technology assessments, and economic evaluations. Cochrane reviews are recognized as the gold standard in evidence-based health care. The default in this resource is to search the entire Cochrane Library. To search individual databases within the Cochrane Library, users should click on the Advanced Search link (http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/cochrane_search_fs.html) located in the upper right corner of the resource’s Home page. Additionally, users will find links to each specific database under the “Browse” section on the Home page of the Cochrane Library.
• Cochrane Methodology Register (CMR)
  The CMR is a bibliography of publications which report on methods used in the conduct of controlled trials. It includes journal articles, books, and conference proceedings; these articles are derived from both MEDLINE database and hand searches of the literature. These studies of methods used in reviews and in more general methodological studies could be relevant to anyone preparing a systematic review. CMR records contain the title of the article, information on where it was published, and some summaries of articles; there are no full text links.
• Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
  DARE is a database containing full-text critical assessments of systematic review articles from a variety of medical journals.
  Also available from the NHS (National Health Service) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
• DynaMed
  (Dynamic Medical Information Systems LLC)
  A "Just-In-Time" Internet reference integrating evidence based medicine with practical information for clinical practice on more than 1,800 clinical topics.
• eMedicine
  eMedicine presents a collection of monographs that cover 65 professional specialties and three consumer areas, complete with full streaming video, audio, and color images suitable for clinical and teaching purposes. It contains a section of Tools, interactive algorithms, calculators, decision rules, diagrams, scores, and tables. For users who want information via their PDA, eMedicine has downloadable content for PalmOS, Windows CE, PocketPC, Psion, and Franklin eBookMan.
• Essential Evidence Plus
  A source of evidence-based information for clinicians. It includes: a POEMS (Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters) library, Cochrane Database abstracts, collections of clinical decision rules, diagnostic tests, history and physical exam maneuvers, and drug information, as well as ICD9 and E/M coding assistants. Content is downloadable for use with PocketPC and PalmOS handheld devices.
  Registration Information
  
• Evidence-Based On Call
  (Centre for Evidence-based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital)
  In this evidence compendia or CAT Bank, you will find evidence-based summaries of 38 on-call medical conditions.
• FIRSTConsult
  (MD Consult/Elsevier)
  A web and PDA based clincial information system that provides continuously updated, evidence-based guidance on the latest in patient evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Designed for rapid access at the point of patient care.
• FPIN Clinical Inquiries
  (University of Washington)
  Contains evidence summaries.
• Guide to Clinical Preventive Services
  (USPSTF – U.S. Preventive Services Task Force)
  Contains links to clinical guidelines, organized by broad category.
• Health Technology Assessment Database (HTA)
  The HTA database provides details of completed and ongoing technology assessments (studies of the medical, social, ethical, and economic implications of healthcare interventions) from around the world. The aim of the database is to improve both quality and cost-effectiveness of health care.
• MEDLINE (Ovid)
  Premier source for bibliographic and abstract coverage of the biomedical literature. Includes some full-text.
• National Guideline Clearinghouse
  This is a public resource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. NGC is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (formerly the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) in partnership with the American Medical Association and the American Association of Health Plans.
• NHS (National Health Service) Economic Evaluation Database (NHSEED)
  Information about both costs and effects are essential to making evidence-based decisions about competing healthcare interventions. NHSEED systematically identifies economic evaluations from around the world, appraising their quality and highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. The database contains over 5000 abstracts of quality-assessed economic evaluations.
• PubMed (MEDLINE)
  PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, provides access to over 11 million MEDLINE citations back to the mid-1960's and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.
• SUMSearch
  Another evidence-based medicine database, SUMSearch selects the best resources for your question, formats your question for each resource, and makes additional searches based on results. Available in English, French, and Spanish. Produced by the University of Texas.
• UMDNJ Electronic Textbooks
  This provides a link to all electronic textbooks licensed by UMDNJ from various sources. Books are listed by author, title, and subject. This is a useful place to look for answers to background questions.

• An Introduction to Information Mastery
  (Michigan State University)
  This is a Web-based course that introduces the basic concepts of Information Mastery, Evidence-Based Medicine (EBP), and critical appraisal of the medical literature. It was designed by Family Practice physician Mark Ebell, MD, MS. Suggested completion times are given for each section.
  
• Clinical Epidemiology for Effective Clinical Practice
  (PedsCCM and IntensiveCare.com, Children’s Hospital, Boston)
  This self-paced tutorial is set up like a workbook, with specific chapters devoted to various EBM topics. Estimated completion times are provided, which helps users to schedule their time.
  
• The Clinician’s Lament: How Do I Keep Up With the Medical Literature?
  (NYAM EBM, Rosanne M. Leipzig)
  Downloadable PowerPoint presentations on various EBM topics.
  
• Cochrane Library Training
  (University of York)
  This site contains a series of downloadable presentations and tutorials.
  
• EMAC Clinical Solutions Web
  (Emory University Departments of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine)
  This EBM curriculum tackles topics such as expert searching and answering questions from the four basic domains.
  
• Evidence Based Medicine
  (University of Massachusetts School of Medicine and the Lamar Soutter Medical Library)
  This EBM site presents basic concepts in a modular format.
  
• Evidence-Based Medicine: Finding the Best Clinical Literature
  (University of Illinois – Peoria Library)
  This guide is designed to assist users in becoming experts in the use of biomedical information resources to answer clinical questions. It presents information on PICO, basic question types, resources from the literature, and helpful Web links.
  
• Evidence-Based Medicine Toolkit
  (University of Alberta, Canada)
  A self-paced instructional program that contains useful worksheets and calculators.
  
• How to Find the Evidence: The Basics
  (ScHARR – School of Health and Related Research)
  This short course is designed for use by health professionals in the South and West region and aims to provide an overview of the information resources available to locate research evidence and the process of translating a clinical question into an effective search strategy. It takes approximately 90 minutes to complete.
  
• Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine
  (Duke University)
  This tutorial is intended for any health care practitioner or student who needs a basic introduction to the principles of Evidence-Based Medicine. This tutorial is not designed to teach you how to search the literature.
  
• SUNY Downstate Medical Center Evidence-Based Medicine Tutorial
  (SUNY Downstate)
  Contains a self-paced tutorial that provides great basic information on EBM.
  
• Syllabi for Practising EBM
  (CEBM – The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  This syllabus contains readings that are discipline-specific, e.g. evidence-based nursing, evidence-based occupational therapy, etc.
  
• The Systematic Literature Review: What it is and how it can help
  (University of Leeds, Liz Berry)
  An interactive primer of the basics of literature review.
  
• Systematic Review of Effectiveness of Teaching Critical Appraisal
  (ICRF/NHS Centre for Statistics in Medicine)
  Read results of a study that seeks to assess if teaching critical appraisal skills has beneficial effects upon both health care workers and patient care.
  
• Teaching Evidence-Based Medicine
  (CEBM – The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  Contains links to useful teaching materials.
  
• WISDOM Resource Database
  (The WISDOM Centre)
  This site presents a series of online tutorials, authored by Alan O’Rourke.
  

Suggested by Paul Glasziou, Director, Evidence-Based Medicine, Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford.

• Straus SE, McAlister FA. 
  Evidence-based medicine: a commentary on common criticisms.  CMAJ.  2000 Oct 3; 163(7): 837-41.
• Antman EM, Lau J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC.  A comparison of results of meta-analysis of randomized control trials and recommendations of clinical experts.  Treatments for myocardial infarction.  JAMA.  1992 Jul 8; 268(2): 240-8. [electronic full-text not available – see print copy]
• McAlister FA, Clark HD, van Walraven C, Straus SE, Lawson FM, Moher D, Mulrow CD. 
  The medical review article revisited: has science improved?  Ann Int Med.  1999 Dec 21; 131(12): 947-51.
• Haynes RB.  Of studies, syntheses, synopses, summaries, and systems:
  the “5S” evolution of information services for evidence-based healthcare decisions.  Evid Based Med.  2006 Dec; 11(6): 162-4.
• McKibbon KA, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. 
  What do evidence-based secondary journals tell us about the publication of clinically important articles in primary healthcare journals?  BMC Med.  2004 Sep 6; 2: 33.
• Chan AW, Hrobjartsson A, Haahr MT, Gotzsche PC, Altman DG.
  Empirical evidence for selective reporting of outcomes in randomized trials: comparison of protocols to published articles.  JAMA.  2004 May 26; 291(20): 2457-65.
• Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG.
  Empirical evidence of bias.  Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials.  JAMA.  1995 Feb 1; 273(5): 408-12.
• Glasziou P, Chalmers I, Rawlins M, McCulloch P.  When are randomized trials unnecessary?  Picking signal from noise.  BMJ.  2007 Feb 17; 334(7589): 349-51.
• Guyatt GH, Meade MO, Jaeschke RZ, Cook DJ, Haynes RB.
  Practitioners  of evidence based care.  Not all clinicians need to appraise evidence from scratch but all need some skills.  BMJ.  2000 Apr 8; 320(7240): 954-5.
• Coomarasamy A, Khan KS.
  What is the evidence that postgraduate teaching in evidence based medicine changes anything?  A systematic review.  BMJ.  2004; 329: 1017.
• Jackson R, Ameratunga S, Broad J, Connor J, Lethaby A, Robb G, Wells S, Glasziou P, Heneghan C.
  The GATE frame: critical appraisal with pictures.  Evid Based Med.  2006 Apr; 11(2): 35-8.
• Sackett DL, Straus SE.
  Finding and applying evidence during clinical rounds: the “evidence cart.”  JAMA.  1998 Oct 21; 280(15): 1336-8.
• Straus SE, Ball C, Balcombe N, Sheldon J, McAlister FA.
  Teaching evidence-based medicine skills can change practice in a community hospital.  J Gen Intern Med.  2005 Apr; 20(4): 340-3.

• Evidence-Based Medicine, A Bibliography
  (Evidence-Based Medicine Resource Center, The New York Academy of Medicine)
  Compiled by Patricia Gallagher, this very thorough bibliography lists many readings from the medical literature that discuss the role of EBM in clinical practice, as well as basic and advanced concepts. Full-text links are included where available and the bibliography includes articles on evidence-based practice and other disciplines, such as dentistry.
• How to Read a Paper
  (British Medical Journal)
  A series of ten guides from the journal, covering various aspects of critical reading and appraisal.
• Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation
  (Oxford – Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  Levels of evidence for literature from various domains, e.g. therapy, diagnosis, etc.
• Resources for Practicing Evidence-based Medicine
  (PedsCCM and IntensiveCare.com)
  This Web-based resource includes most of the “must-read” articles from the literature and includes full-text links. Those who push on to the end of the online document will find a useful series of Web links.
• User’s Guides to Evidence-Based Practice
  (Centre for Health Evidence)
  This is the complete set of Users' Guides originally published as a series in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The CHE continues to maintain the full text pre-publication version of this series on behalf of the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group with permission from the journal.

• Critical Care Journal Club
  (American Thoracic Society)
  One article is reviewed each month in several areas of critical care medicine.
• Internet Resources for a Medical Journal Club
  (i-medicine.info)
  This presents a good, concise overview of the basics of organizing a journal club, as well as suggests some good resources for articles and for more information about journal clubs themselves.
• Introducing Evidence-Based Medicine to the Journal Club, using a structured pre and post test: a cohort study
  (PubMed Central; article by J. Stephen Cramer and Martin J. Mahoney)
  
• Introduction to Journal Club and Case Analysis
  (Module 4, Bronx VA Interdisciplinary Curriculum)
  An eleven page PDF file of a module designed to educate health care workers from a variety of disciplines about Journal Clubs and Case Analysis. Contains instructor’s notes.
• Journal Club on the Web
  (Michael Jacobson, MD, MPH)
  This site was established to create an online medical journal club. It is a database of articles from the medical literature (PubMed) and comments about those articles.
• Molecular Pharmacology Journal Club
  (McMaster University)
  “Hot” papers are posted at the first of each month for discussion.
• Old Curiosity Shop – Journal Clubs
  (Bandolier)
  This article discusses journal clubs – results and how tos.
• The PedsCCM Evidence-Based Journal Club
  (Washington University, St. Louis, MO)
  
• Suggestions for Leading a Journal Club
  (University of California San Francisco, Pediatric Clinics)
  Developed to help senior residents to lead a 50 minute journal club.

• How to Use a Clinical Practice Guideline
  (Centre for Health Evidence)
  Article based on the JAMA Users Guide series.
• NCG – National Guideline Clearinghouse
  (AHRQ – Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)
  This site contains a public list of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that are fully searchable.
• Evidence-Based Practice
  (AHRQ – Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)
  Evidence Report Topics, which are mainly disease-related, are organized into a browseable list.
• Preventive Services
  (AHRQ – Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)
  This site contains access to scientific evidence, recommendations on clinical preventive services, and information on how to implement recommended preventive services in clinical practice.
• Chestnet
  (American College of Chest Physicians)
  Evidence-based practice guidelines.
• Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
  (Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center)
  Pediatric evidence-based practice guidelines, with both medical and surgical topics.
• Best Practice Guidelines
  (Registered Nurses Association of Ontario)
  Completed guidelines, available for download. Links are also available to in-process guidelines.
• AGREE – Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation
  (The AGREE Collaboration)
  This Web site is the work of an international collaboration of researchers and policy makers who work together to improve the quality and effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines by establishing a shared framework for their development, reporting and assessment. It contains guidelines and training manuals, among other information.
• Recommended Clinical Practice Guidelines
  (GAC – Guidelines Advisory Committee)
  Contains a wealth of downloadable PDF documents on a variety of topics, including guideline summaries for PDA.
• CMA Infobase – Clinical Practice Guidelines
  (Canadian Medical Association)
  A searchable database of guidelines, with some also published in French.
• Evidence Based Guidelines and Briefings
  (Centre for Evidence Based Mental Health)
  This website brings together a number of UK mental health guidelines and acts as a portal to other worldwide guidelines resources.
• Clinical Practice Guidelines
  (Evidence-Based Medicine Resource Center)
  Contains lists of guidelines, organized by agency.
• Primary Care Clinical Practice Guidelines
  (University of California – San Francisco)
  Contains lists of guidelines, organized by content area.
• National Quality Measures Clearinghouse
  (AHRQ)
  This is a public repository for evidence-based quality measures and measure sets.
• Health Services/Technology Assessment Text (HSTAT)
  (National Center for Biotechnology Information/AHCPR)
  The Health Services Technology/Assessment Texts (HSTAT) is a free, Web-based resource of full-text documents that provide health information and support health care decision making. HSTAT's audience includes health care providers, health service researchers, policy makers, payers, consumers and the information professionals who serve these groups.
• Evidence Based Practice Guidelines
  (AWHONN – Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses)
  A collection of guidelines published by AWHONN, as well as good background information on evidence-based practice guidelines.
• Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines
  (The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry)
  Contains both published, draft, and planned guidelines, in both PDF and WORD formats.

• All-Purpose Four-Fold Table Analyzer
  (Centre for Evidence Based Medicine)
  Allows users to perform sets of calculations based upon domain, e.g. therapy, diagnosis, harm, etiology. Shockwave plug-in is required to use the calculator; users are presented with the opportunity to download it.
• Bayesian Analysis Model
  (Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of General Internal Medicine)
  Calculates information (e.g. predictive value, likelihood ratio) about diagnostic tests.
• Critical Appraisal of the Evidence – Stats Calculator
  (Center for Evidence-Based Medicine/CEBM)
  Useful for calculating statistics given in articles dealing with Diagnostic Tests (sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV/LR+/LR-), Prospective Studies (RR, ARR, NNT), Case Control Studies (OR), and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) (RRR, ARR, NNT).
• Diagnostic Test Calculator
  (Alan Schwartz, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medical Education)
  A variety of calculator modes are presented that allow users to calculate disease prevalence, test sensitivity/specificity, or positive and negative Likelihood Ratios. 2 x 2 tables and a nomogram are available for use.
• EBM Calculator
  (Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
  From Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, this Palm OS EBM Calculator is designed to calculate relevant statistics for Diagnostic studies, Prospective Studies, Case Control Studies, and Randomized Control Trials (RCT).
• EBM Concepts
  (Medical University of South Carolina)
  This site includes a brief explanation of 2 X 2 Tables, Odds Ratio vs. Relative Risk, p value and 95% Confidence Intervals, Threshold Decision Making, kappa, and Sensitivity, Specificity, and Positive Predictive Value.
• The EBM Toolbox
  (Oxford – Center for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  An assortment of materials useful for evidence-based medicine practitioners, including various calculators and examples.
• Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation
  (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  Contains table with levels of evidence, organized by domain.
• Evidence-Based Medicine Toolkit
  (University of Alberta)
  This is a collection of tools for identifying, assessing and applying relevant evidence for better health care decision-making. The appraisal tools are adapted from the Users' Guides series prepared by the Evidence Based Medicine Working Group and originally published in JAMA.
• Likelihood Ratios
  (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  How to calculate likelihood ratios.
• Likelihood Ratios
  (University of North Carolina, Department of Internal Medicine)
  A resource for information about and calculators of likelihood ratios.
• NNT
  (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  How to calculate number needed to treat.
• Pre-Test Probability
  (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  How to calculate pre-test probability.
• Power and Size Calculator
  (Vanderbilt Medical Center)
  PS is an interactive program for performing power and sample size calculations. The program runs on the Microsoft Windows operating systems (Windows 95 and later). It can be used for studies with dichotomous, continuous, or survival response measures.
• Risk Reduction Calculator
  (Alan Schwartz, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medical Education)
  Calculate event rates and good/bad outcomes of new therapies.
• SpPins and SnNouts
  (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)
  Understanding sensitivity and specificity and other concepts related to SpPins and SnNouts.
• UBC Clinical Significance Calculator
  (University of British Columbia)