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All listed sites have been reviewed by the Center Webmaster for their utility and basic design quality. Those with 4 stars are considered the most useful. Listing of a Web site here does not signify either endorsement of the sponsor or certification of content accuracy.
Clincal Research Handbooks and Guides
Clinical Research Handbook (Ohio University School Osteopathic Med). Includes sections on Research Planning, Proposal Development, Funding and Grant Application, Conducting Research, Data Management and Analysis, and Submitting for Publication and Presentation. Some content is institution-specific, but overall this is an excellent guide to conducting clinical research.
Randomized Controlled Trials: A Users' Guide By Alejandro Jadad, London: BMJ Books, 1998. Chapters cover: Randomised controlled trials: the basics; Types of randomised controlled trials; Bias in RCTs; Assessing the quality of RCTs; Reporting and interpreting individual trials; Reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines; and the Basis of evidence based health care.
Understanding the Fundamentals of Epidemiology. By Victor Schoenbach and Wayne Rosamond, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina. An excellent online text covering key aspects of epidemiologic research. Particularly valuable for those considering a cohort or case-control study. Key chapters include: Standardization of rates and ratios; Relating risk factors to health outcomes; Analytic study designs; Causal inference; Multicausality; and Data analysis and interpretation.
Online Training in Clinical Research (Tufts Univ School of Med). Includes sections on Biostatistical Context/Validity, Ethics, Study Definition, Study Design (including an excellent Study Design Algorithm), Data Analysis and Interpretation. Provides good basic information on clinical research methods, especially in the area of study design.
Clinical Trial Reference Texts. A list of over 20 textbook devoted to the design and implementation of clinical trials and human experimentation. Includes both general treatises and specific monographs on topics such as patient compliance, data management and statistical methods.
Social Science & Educational Research Methods (General)
Research Methods Knowledge Base (WMK Trochim, Cornell Univ). A comprehensive web-based textbook that addresses all of the topics in a typical introductory course in social science research methods. It covers the entire research process including: formulating research questions; sampling; measurement (surveys, scaling, qualitative, unobtrusive); research design (experimental and quasi-experimental); data analysis; and, writing research papers. Other topics include validity, reliability and ethics.
Self-Study Learning Package in Research Methods (Robert Gordon Univ). Includes 10 topical papers on social science research methods divided into four major sections: (1) Foundations of Empirical Research, (2) Data Collection, (3) Data Analysis and Presentation, and (4) Putting the Idea Together. Excellent bibliographies are provided for each of the 10 topics.
Research Methods Tutorials (Cornell Univ). Short topical tutorials developed by social science students at Cornell University. Emphasis is on relationship between research designs and validity (internal, external, construct and conclusion).
Survey Research
Survey Research (WMK Trochim, Cornell Univ). An excellent section of the web-based textbook Research Methods Knowledge Base mentioned above. Covers types of surveys (questionnaires and interviews), how to select the appropriate survey method, how to construct the survey instrument (types of questions; question content & wording; response format; question placement & sequence). Also addresses some of the special issues involved in administering a personal interview and the advantages and disadvantages of survey methods.
Sampling and Surveying Handbook (DOD-USAF). Contains guidelines for planning, organizing, and conducting surveys. Chapter content includes Developing the Purpose, Hypothesis, and Survey Plan; Sampling Techniques & Related Statistical Concepts; the Questionnaire; and Common Statistical Analysis Errors. Eight useful appendices cover topics such as Steps in Surveying, Survey Development Timetables, Survey Data Sources, How to Use a Random Number Table, Sample Cover Letter, Privacy Act Statement & Instructions, and Rating or Intensity Scales.
Australian Bureau of Statistics: Basic Survey Design. Chapters include Set-up Stage of a Survey; Samples and Censuses; Data Collection Methods; Frames & Population; Sample & Questionnaire Design; Data Processing & Analysis; Presentation of Results; and Confidentiality.
Introduction to Data Collection and Analysis. By Albert Goodman, School of Computing and Mathematics, Deakin University. A course in Data Collection and Analysis, with an emphasis on the survey method. See in particular the following Units: Surveys and Sampling; Survey Techniques; and Processing Survey Data.
Survey Construction and Analysis. By Peter Giacobbi, PhD. Describes the stages involved with the development, validation, and identification of generalizeability limits of typical survey measures that are used to assess various psychological constructs, attitudes, or behaviors. Also discuss the use and purpose of the various statistical indices utilized, the assumptions underlying these statistics, and the types of confirming and/or disconfirming results that may be observed.
Survey Methods. An excellent short summary of survey methods, with an emphasis on types of surveys and instrument design. Also includes a list of useful resources and links. Examples are drawn primarily from the library science field, but are still useful for the social scientist in training.
A Brief Guide to Questionnaire Development. By Robert Frary, Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Identifies some of the major problems in questionnaire development and ways of avoiding them. Topics include: Writing the Questionnaire; Category and Scale Point Proliferation; Responses at the Scale Midpoint; Response Category Language; Unnecessary and Sensitive Questions; Statistical Considerations; Anonymity; Nonreturns; Format and Appearance; Processing of Responses; and Sample Size.
Survey Research Methods Section, American Statistical Association. The ASA Section on Survey Research Methods promotes the improvement of survey practice and the understanding of survey methods by encouraging both theoretical and applied research on survey-related topics and by disseminating information on survey methods. Includes an excellent series of 10 short papers survey methods. Also provides a list of useful resources and links.
Using Structured Interviewing Techniques. From the US General Accounting Office's Program Evaluation and Methodology Division. For a short summary of the Report's key points see the ERIC/AE Digest Designing Structured Interviews for Educational Research (ED421485).
Survey Research in Education (ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment & Evaluation). Includes links to ERIC Digests & other Internet resources, ERIC documents database citations & abstracts, major bibliographic resources and organizations involoved in educational research.
Annotated Bibliography of Survey Research (Colorado St Univ). Includes bibliographic citations in the following categories: General Survey Information; Studies; Criticism, Critique and Evaluation; Secondary Analysis; Electronic Surveys; and Further Investigation.
Survey Research Reference Texts. A comprehesive bibliography of textbooks and monographs on survey research methods, through 2001.
Epidemiologic Research
Understanding the Fundamentals of Epidemiology. By VJ Schoenbach and WD Rosamond, Univ N Carolina. An 18 chapter online text on epidemiologic methods. Topics include: Epidemiology — Definition, Functions, Characteristics, History; Basic Demography; Measuring Disease and Exposure; Relating Risk Factors to Health Outcomes; Analytic Study Designs; Causal Inference; Multicausality; and Data Analysis and Interpretation.
Epidemiology for the Uninitiated (BMJ Books). By D Coggon, G. Rose and D. Barker (1997). A 13 chapter online text designed to introduce epidemiology concepts to non-epidemiologists. Topics include: What is epidemiology?; Quantifying disease in populations; Comparing disease rates; Measurement error and bias; Planning and conducting a survey; Ecological studies; Longitudinal studies; Case-control and cross sectional studies; Experimental studies; Screening; Outbreaks of disease; and Reading epidemiological reports 13. Further reading
Clinical Epidemiology Glossary. A good basic glossary of epidemiologic terms. Where applicable, provides links to show the calculations involved in computing selected ratios and indices.
Qualitative and Mixed-Method Research
Qualitative Research in Health Care. By Catherine Pope and Nicholas Mays. London: BMJ Books, 2000. An excellent resource on the application of qualitative research in health care. Chapters include: Qualitative methods in health research; Qualitative interviews in health care research; Focus groups with users and providers of health care; Observational methods in health care settings; Using the Delphi and nominal group technique in health services research; Using case studies in health services and policy research; Using qualitative methods in health-related action research; Analysing qualitative data; and Quality in qualitative health research.
Qualitative Research: Its Role in Clinical Research (JG Wright, P McKeever). A full-text article for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Discusses the role of qualitative clinical research, reviews its primary methods and outlines how to evaluate qualitative studies.
Choosing Qualitative Research: A Primer for Technology Education Researchers. By Marie Hoepfl. Journal of Technology Education, 9(1), 1997. Compares qualitative and quantitative research paradigms; identifies the basis for applying qualitative research strategies; outlines the features of qualitative research and the role of the researcher; describes common research design and data collection strategies, specifies how to analyze qualitative data and how to judge qualitative research. Click here for *pdf version
Qualitative Research in Information Systems. Although targeted for researchers in Information systems (IS), provides broadly useful information on the major methods involved in qualitative research, including the conduct, evaluation and publication of qualitative research.
Qualitative Methods Workbook (CG Boeree, Shippensburg Univ). An e-text prepared for a course in qualitative research methods at Shippensburg University. Includes five parts: Introduction and Phenomenological Description, Structural Analysis, Observation, Interviewing and Other Techniques
Qualitative Research Resources on the Internet (Nova Southeastern Univ). Includes a large alphabetical directory of web pages providing qualitative research information and resources, links to papers and other textual sources, and selected qualitative research methods course syllabi.
QualPage: Resources for Qualitative Research (Univ Alberta). A regularly updated topical directory of web sites providing qualitative research information and resources. Includes qualitative approaches & methods, conceptual and philosophical foundations, electronic journals, organizations and interest groups, and other resources.
The Qualitative Report (Nova Southeastern Univ). An online journal dedicated to qualitative research and critical inquiry since 1990. Includes section on Practicing Qualitative Research (exercises, activities, and techniques).
International Institute for Qualitative Methodology. The International Institute for Qualitative Methodology is a multidisciplinary institute at the University of Alberta, Canada. The Institute provides leadership and promotes excellence in qualitative research through education and research, and provides a forum for collaboration among international experts in the field of qualitative inquiry.
The Qualitative Research Page (BA Kerlin, PhD). A topical directory of web sites providing qualitative research information and resources.Topics include: Information Gathering, Qualitative Methods, Course Syllabi, Theory and its Role in Research, Planning and Preparing Research, Interpreting and Presenting Research, Ethics, Qualitative Software, Discussion Groups, Theorists & Philosophers, and Theses & Dissertations on the Web
Bibliography: Qualitative and Mixed Method Texts. A list of over 20 textbook devoted to qualitative and mixed method research. Includes both general treatises and specific monographs on topics such as the case study method, interpreting qualitative data, and critical ethnography.
Evaluation and Outcomes Research
User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation (NSF). An 8 chapter handbook on how to conduct project evaluation. Key topics include: types of evaluation; steps in the evaluation process; collection and analysis of data; and report writing. Supporting materials include examples of project evaluations; information on selecting an evaluator; and a glossary and annotated bibliography
Evaluation Handbook (W.K. Kellogg Foundation). A 5 chapter handbook on evaluation methods. Discusses the historyand paradigms involved in evaluation; specifies the levels of evaluation and provides a detailed blueprint for conducting project-level evaluations, including communicating findings and using the results.
An Overview of Outcomes Research and Measurement. By K. Maloney, and B.P. Chaiken (1999). From the Journal of Healthcare Quality Vol 6, No 4. Defines health care outcomes and outcomes research, identifies various types of outcomes measures and appropriate data collection methods; and differentiates between outcomes management and disease state management.