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Regional Gross Anatomy- Laboratory Guide

All the Lab session will start with a quiz that is taken individually and as a group, and both will be graded. The questions will be derived from the reading assignments, dissection and Learning Issues.

All the labs will start with a mini presentation; other presentations on clinical correlation will be done as needed.

The assigned pages of the dissector serve as your instruction manual.  You are responsible for the identification of bold-printed structures in the dissector.  This laboratory guide provides important advice and identifies certain bold-printed structures that may be omitted from the dissection.

All the labs will start with a mini presentation; other presentations on clinical correlation will be done as needed.

Lab 1.  Vertebral column, muscles of the back, and spinal cord

Grant’s Dissector pp. 4-14 and dissection videos Superficial Back and Deep Back & Spinal Cord

  1. Surface Anatomy and Skeleton of the Back.  Use the skeletons and disarticulated bones in your bone boxes for identification of the bold-printed structures.
  2. Skin Incisions, complete the dissection instructions
  3. Superficial Fascia, omit steps 1-2.
  4. Trapezius Muscle, omit identification of the transverse cervical artery in step 8.
  5. Latissimus Dorsi Muscle, omit step 3.
  6. Rhomboid Muscles, omit step 7.
  7. Levator Scapulae Muscle, complete the dissection instructions
  8. Intermediate Muscles of the Back, omit
  9. Deep Muscles of the Back, complete dissection instructions for the Erector Spinae Muscle and omit the Splenius Muscles, the Semispinalis Capitis Muscle, and the Transversospinal Group of Muscles.
  10. Suboccipital Region, omit
  11. Vertebral Canal and Spinal Cord, when performing the dissection instructions to expose the spinal cord, omit step 6.
  12. Spinal Meninges in step 6, identify only the conus medularis, the cauda equina, and the filum terminale internum, and omit steps 7-10 but know Fig. 1.16.

 

Lab 2.  Back and shoulder region

Grant’s Dissector pp. 15, 17-19 and 25

  1. Read Surface Anatomy, and then proceed to the Scapular Region.
  2. Skeleton of the Scapular Region. Use skeletons and disarticulated bones in your bone boxes for identification of the bold-printed structures.
  3. Complete the dissection instructions for the Scapular Region, and then proceed to page 25.
  4. Posterior Compartment of the Arm, omit step 13

 

Lab 3.  Pectoral region and Axilla (Dissector pp. 4, 7-8, 42-49) dissection video Pectoral Region & Breast
        

  1. Surface Anatomy and Skeleton of the Thorax.  Use the skeletons and disarticulated bones in your bone boxes for identification of the bold-printed structures.
  2. Skin Incisions for the Pectoral Region, omit steps 7-10
  3. Superficial Fascia of the Pectoral Region, omit steps 5 and 6
  4. Muscles of the Pectoral Region, omit steps 13, 17 and 18

Lab 4.  Axilla, arm and cubital fossa

 

Grant’s Dissector pp. 15-16 and 19-25 and dissection video Axilla & Arm

  1. Skin Incisions, remove skin from the arm and cubital fossa ONLY
  2. Superficial Veins, use the right side of Fig. 2.03 (anterior surface of the arm) as a guide and omit step 9. 
  3. Cutaneous Nerves, omit, however, the Medial and Lateral Cutaneous Nerves of the Forearm will be identified later.  Now proceed to page 19.
  4. Read Axilla and complete its dissection instructions.
  5. Axillary Artery, omit steps 2, 5, and 6.
  6. Brachial Plexus, omit identification of the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm in step 8 and step 12 is optional.
  7. Skeleton of the Arm and Cubital Region.  Use skeletons to identify the bold-printed structures.
  8. Anterior Compartment of the Arm, omit identification of the transverse humeral ligament in step 5, and omit steps 21-22
  9. Cubital Fossa, complete the dissection instructions 

 

Lab 5.  Flexor region of the forearm

 

Grant’s Dissector pp. 26-30 and dissection video Forearm & Wrist

  1. Begin by removing the skin between the cubital fossa and the wrist.
  2. Skeleton of the Forearm.  Use skeletons for identification of the bold-printed structures.
  3. Superficial Group of Flexor Muscles, complete the dissection instructions
  4. Vessels and Nerves, omit steps 4 and 15.
  5. Deep Group of Flexor Muscles, complete the dissection instructions 

 

Lab 6.  Palm of the hand

Grant’s Dissector pp. 30-35 and dissection video Hand

  1. Begin by removing the skin from the anterior surface of the hand by making the skin incisions depicted in Fig. 2.02 on page 16.
  2. Skeleton of the Hand.  Use skeletons and the disarticulated hand in your bone boxes to identify the bold-printed structures and the structures depicted in Fig. 2.19.
  3. Superficial Palm, omit step 3 and identification of the deep palmar branch in step 8.
  4. Carpal Tunnel, omit steps 5, 6, and 7 but know Figs. 2.22 and 2.21.
  5. Thenar Muscles, complete the dissection instructions 
  6. Hypothenar Muscles, omit identification of the Opponens Digiti Minimi Muscle in step 1.
  7. Deep Palm, omit steps 3-6, and the oblique and transverse heads in step 7.
  8. As indicated in steps 8 and 9 do not dissect the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles but know about them.

 

Lab 7.  Extensor region of the forearm, dorsum of the hand and joints of the upper limb

Grant’s Dissector pp. 35-41

  1. Superficial Group of Extensor Muscles, omit step 3
  2. Deep Group of Extensor Muscles, omit identification of the Dorsal Carpal Arch in step 5
  3. Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, and Glenohumeral Joints, omit dissection but know the Coracoacromial and Coracoclavicular Ligaments as shown in Fig. 2.28.
  4. Elbow Joint and Proximal Radioulnar Joint, use model to identify ONLY the Interosseous Membrane, Ulnar Collateral Ligament, the Radial Collateral Ligament, and the Anular Ligament (see Fig. 2.30)
  5. Intermediate and Distal Radioulnar Joint, omit 
  6. Wrist Joint, omit dissection but use skeletons to identify the bold-printed structures presented in its dissection instructions.
  7. Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints, omit 

 

MID-TERM EXAM (Written only-Lab will follow)

Lab 8. Review of the pelvis (Prosections), Bony pelvis & Model.

Lab 9.  Anterior and medial thigh

Grant’s Dissector pp. 122-130 and dissection video Anterior & Medial Thigh

  1. Read Surface Anatomy
  2. Skin Incisions, remove skin from the thigh ONLY and proceed to the Superficial Fascia of the Anterior Lower Limb
  3. Superficial Fascia of the Anterior Lower Limb, for steps 1-5 identify the Great Saphenous Vein and Saphenous Nerve ONLY and omit steps 6 and 7
  4. Skeleton of the Thigh.  Use skeletons to identify the bold printed structures.
  5. Saphenous Opening, complete the dissection instructions
  6. Femoral Triangle, omit steps 2 and 13
  7. Adductor Canal and Quadriceps Femoris Muscle, complete the dissection instructions
  8. Medial Compartment of the Thigh, omit steps 7 and 14

 

Lab 10.  Gluteal region, posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

Grant’s Dissector pp. 130-136 and dissection video Hip, Posterior Thigh & Posterior Leg

  1. Skeleton of the Gluteal Region.  Use skeletons and models to identify the bold printed structures.
  2. Gluteal Region, complete the dissection instructions 
  3. Posterior Thigh, complete the dissection instructions 
  4. Popliteal Fossa, omit steps 8 and 9 but know Fig. 6.17

 

Lab 11.  Leg: posterior crural compartment and medial side of ankle
Grant’s Dissector pp. 140-149 

  1. Posterior Compartment of the Leg, omit step 18

 

Lab 12.  Leg: Anterior and lateral crural compartments, dorsum of foot and lateral side of ankle

Grant’s Dissector pp. 136-139 and dissection video Anterior Leg & Foot

  1. Skeleton of the Leg.  Use skeletons and the disarticulated bones to identify the bold-printed structures.
  2. Anterior Compartment of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot, omit steps 3, 10, 18, 19, 20, and identification of the dorsal digital branches of the deep fibular artery in step 21
  3. Lateral Compartment of the Leg, complete the dissection instructions

 

Lab 13.  Review Leg and Ankle; Sole of foot and joints of lower limb
Grant’s Dissector pp. 140-149 

  1. Plantar Aponeurosis and Cutaneous Nerves, complete the dissection instructions 
  2. First Layer of Plantar Muscles, omit steps 2-4
  3. Second Layer of Plantar Muscles, omit step 4
  4. Third Layer of Plantar Muscles, omit steps 2 and 5
  5. Fourth Layer of Plantar Muscles, omit steps 1 and 4
  6. Joints of the Lower Limb, use the prosections 
  7. Hip Joint, know ONLY the Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, and Pubofemoral Ligaments
  8. Knee Joint, know ONLY the Tibial (lateral) Collateral and Fibular (medial) Collateral Ligaments, the Posterior and Anterior Cruciate Ligaments, the Patellar Ligament, and the Medial and Lateral Menisci
  9. Ankle Joint, know ONLY the Medial (Deltoid) Ligament but not its four parts, the Lateral Ligament including its three parts: Posterior Talofibular, Calcaneofibular, and Anterior Talofibular Ligaments, and the Plantar Calcaneonavicular (Spring) Ligament

 

Lab 14. Structured lab review; Use prosection, Models, X-rays and Bones.

 

Final Practical exam of entire dissection (back, upper & lower limb), and

Final written exam (only Pelvic Neurovasculature and Lower limb).

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